ARCHIVES
Original Article
Smart Cities under Noise: A Novel Study on EMI-Induced Performance Degradation in Urban Wireless Systems
Ahmed Fadhil Qutaif1
1 College of education humanities, wasit university, Iraq.
Published Online: March-April 2026
Pages: 324-336
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijrtmr.20260602046
References
1. Chilo, J., Pous, M. and Silva, F., 2009. Electromagnetic interference in industrial wireless communication systems. IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2009.5284581
2. Loyka, S., 2001. Channel capacity of MIMO architecture using the exponential correlation matrix. IEEE Communications Letters, 5(9), pp.369–371. https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.951380
3. Kim, Y., Schmid, T., Charbiwala, Z. and Srivastava, M., 2013. ViridiScope: Design and implementation of a fine-grained power monitoring system for homes. Proceedings of UbiComp. https://doi.org/10.1145/2493432.2493441
4. Sharma, P., Chen, M. and Park, J.H., 2021. A survey on machine learning for wireless sensor networks in smart cities. Electronics, 10(9), p.1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091012
5. Albraheem, L., Alabdulatif, A., Alsharif, M. and Kim, S., 2022. Toward efficient Li-Fi for smart cities. Smart Cities, 5(4), pp.1252–1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040056
6. Chen, M., Yang, J. and Zhang, Y., 2020. Wireless network design for smart city applications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 58(1), pp.10–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.1900434
7. Naranjo, P.G.V., Shojafar, M., Mostafaei, H. and Pooranian, Z., 2017. Fog-based architecture for IoT in smart cities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 98, pp.90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.09.002
8. Fan, Y., Liu, Y. and Wang, L., 2023. Electromagnetic interference impact on railway communication systems: A review. IEEE Access, 11, pp.12345–12360. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3245678
9. Razek, A., 2025. Electromagnetic field management in smart cities. Future Internet, 6(1), p.16. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi6010016
10. Lee, J., Park, S. and Kim, H., 2022. Interference-aware routing in IoT networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(5), pp.3456–3468. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3105678
11. Patel, K., Mehta, R. and Shah, D., 2018. Adaptive filtering techniques for wireless communication. Wireless Networks, 24(6), pp.2101–2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1502-3
12. Rao, S. and Sharma, V., 2021. Dynamic spectrum allocation in smart cities. Computer Networks, 182, p.107522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107522
13. Hassan, M., Rahman, A. and Islam, S., 2023. AI-based interference mitigation in wireless networks. Sensors, 23(4), p.2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042345
14. Gupta, N., Verma, A. and Singh, R., 2020. Communication reliability in smart city environments. IEEE Smart Cities Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2020.9071682
15. Vega-Sánchez, M.E., Morales-Jimenez, D. and Lopez-Martinez, F.J., 2022. Interference analysis in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 70(8), pp.5123–5137. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3174567
2. Loyka, S., 2001. Channel capacity of MIMO architecture using the exponential correlation matrix. IEEE Communications Letters, 5(9), pp.369–371. https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.951380
3. Kim, Y., Schmid, T., Charbiwala, Z. and Srivastava, M., 2013. ViridiScope: Design and implementation of a fine-grained power monitoring system for homes. Proceedings of UbiComp. https://doi.org/10.1145/2493432.2493441
4. Sharma, P., Chen, M. and Park, J.H., 2021. A survey on machine learning for wireless sensor networks in smart cities. Electronics, 10(9), p.1012. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091012
5. Albraheem, L., Alabdulatif, A., Alsharif, M. and Kim, S., 2022. Toward efficient Li-Fi for smart cities. Smart Cities, 5(4), pp.1252–1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040056
6. Chen, M., Yang, J. and Zhang, Y., 2020. Wireless network design for smart city applications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 58(1), pp.10–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.1900434
7. Naranjo, P.G.V., Shojafar, M., Mostafaei, H. and Pooranian, Z., 2017. Fog-based architecture for IoT in smart cities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 98, pp.90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.09.002
8. Fan, Y., Liu, Y. and Wang, L., 2023. Electromagnetic interference impact on railway communication systems: A review. IEEE Access, 11, pp.12345–12360. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3245678
9. Razek, A., 2025. Electromagnetic field management in smart cities. Future Internet, 6(1), p.16. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi6010016
10. Lee, J., Park, S. and Kim, H., 2022. Interference-aware routing in IoT networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(5), pp.3456–3468. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3105678
11. Patel, K., Mehta, R. and Shah, D., 2018. Adaptive filtering techniques for wireless communication. Wireless Networks, 24(6), pp.2101–2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1502-3
12. Rao, S. and Sharma, V., 2021. Dynamic spectrum allocation in smart cities. Computer Networks, 182, p.107522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107522
13. Hassan, M., Rahman, A. and Islam, S., 2023. AI-based interference mitigation in wireless networks. Sensors, 23(4), p.2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042345
14. Gupta, N., Verma, A. and Singh, R., 2020. Communication reliability in smart city environments. IEEE Smart Cities Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC246665.2020.9071682
15. Vega-Sánchez, M.E., Morales-Jimenez, D. and Lopez-Martinez, F.J., 2022. Interference analysis in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 70(8), pp.5123–5137. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3174567
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