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With the rapid advancement of digital communication technologies, ensuring the security and integrity of audio data has become increasingly important. Audio signals are widely used in applications such as voice communication, multimedia transmission, and confidential information exchange, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access, tampering, and piracy. This survey provides a comprehensive review of audio security techniques, focusing on two major approaches: encryption and watermarking. Encryption methods are examined for their ability to ensure confidentiality and protect audio data during transmission. In parallel, watermarking techniques, including transform-based methods such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), are analyzed for their role in embedding hidden information to ensure data integrity, authentication, and ownership verification. The survey highlights the strengths, limitations, and application domains of each technique and discusses the trade-offs between security, robustness, and computational efficiency. Furthermore, recent advancements and challenges in the field are explored, providing insights into future research directions for developing more secure and efficient audio processing systems.