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Review Article
A Comprehensive Survey of Audio Security: Encryption and Watermarking Methods
shish Mishra1
Dheeraj Chillar2
1 P.G. Student, Department of CSE, Sat Kabir Institute of Technology and Management, Ladrawan, Haryana, India. 2 Director, Sat Kabir Institute of Technology and Management, Ladrawan, Haryana, India.
Published Online: March-April 2026
Pages: 474-480
Cite this article
No DOIReferences
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Signal Process., vol. 2012, pp. 1–12, 2012.
2. Y. Chen, J. Hao, J. Chen, and Z. Zhang, “End-to-end speech encryption algorithm based on speech scrambling in frequency domain,” in
Third International Conference on Cyberspace Technology (CCT 2015), 2015, pp. 1–5.
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2003, vol. 3, pp. 1647–1654.
4. L. Nan, S. Yanhong, and Z. Jiancheng, “An audio scrambling method based on Fibonacci transformation,” J. North China Univ. Technol,
vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 8–11, 2004.
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593, 2003.
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7. M. Satti and S. Kak, “Multilevel indexed quasigroup encryption for data and speech,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 270–
281, 2009.
8. H. Li, Z. Qin, X. P. Zhang, and L. P. Shao, “An n-dimensional space audio scrambling algorithm based on random matrix,” J. Xi’an
Jiaotong Univ, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 13–17, 2010.
9. L. Huang and Q. Yin, “A chaos synchronization secure communication system based on output control,” 电子与信息学报, vol. 31, no.
10, pp. 2402–2405, 2009.
10. J. Fridrich, “Symmetric ciphers based on two-dimensional chaotic maps,” Int. J. Bifurc. chaos, vol. 8, no. 06, pp. 1259–1284, 1998.
11. M. Farouk, O. Faragallah, O. Elshakankiry, and A. Elmhalaway, “Comparison of audio speech cryptosystem using 2-D chaotic map
algorithms,” Math. Comput. Sci., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 66–81, 2016.
12. M. abd ulkareem Nasser and I. Q. Abduljaleel, “Speech encryption using chaotic map and blowfish algorithms,” J. Basrah Res., vol. 39,
no. 2A, 2013.
13. S. Vishwakarma and S. Qureshi, “Secure Transmission of Video using (2, 2) Visual Cryptography Scheme and Share Encryption using
Logistic Chaos Method,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1502–1514, 2018.
14. H. Oğraş and M. Türk, “A secure chaos-based image cryptosystem with an improved sine key generator,” Am. J. Signal Process., vol. 6,
no. 3, pp. 67–76, 2016.
15. A. Belazi and A. A. Abd El-Latif, “A simple yet efficient S-box method based on chaotic sine map,” Optik (Stuttg)., vol. 130, pp. 1438–
1444, 2017.
16. K. Nagaraj, “Understanding Blowfish Encryption Algorithm.” https://cyberw1ng.medium.com/understanding-blowfish-encryption-
algorithm-2023-24eb8f69f85b.
17. A. A. Abd El-Sadek, A. Talaat, and M. M. Fouad, “Speech encryption applying a modified Blowfish algorithm,” in 2014 International
Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET), 2014, pp. 1–618. S. F. Yousif, “Encryption and decryption of audio signal based on Rsa algorithn,” Int. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. Res., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 57–
64, 2018.
19. R. Aparna and P. I. Chithra, “A review on cryptographic algorithms for speech signal security,” Int. J. Emerg. Trends Technol . Comput.
Sci., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 84–88, 2016.
20. A. Juels and M. Wattenberg, “A fuzzy commitment scheme,” in Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Computer and
communications security, 1999, pp. 28–36.
21. A. Akmajian, A. K. Farmer, L. Bickmore, R. A. Demers, and R. M. Harnish, Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication.
MIT press, 2017.
22. Nechvatal, J., Barker, E., Bassham, L., Burr, W., Dworkin, M., Foti, J. and Roback, E., 2001. Report on the development of the Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES). Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 106(3), p.511.
23. A. A. Abd El-Sadek, A. Talaat, and M. M. Fouad, “Speech encryption applying a modified Blowfish algorithm,” in 2014 International
Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET), 2014, pp. 1–6.
24. L. Huang and Q. Yin, “A chaos synchronization secure communication system based on output control,” Journal of Electronics &
Information Technology, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 2402–2405, 2009.
25. Moulin, P. and O'Sullivan, J.A., 2003. Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding. IEEE Transactions on information
theory, 49(3), pp.563-593.
Signal Process., vol. 2012, pp. 1–12, 2012.
2. Y. Chen, J. Hao, J. Chen, and Z. Zhang, “End-to-end speech encryption algorithm based on speech scrambling in frequency domain,” in
Third International Conference on Cyberspace Technology (CCT 2015), 2015, pp. 1–5.
3. J. A. Clark, “Nature-inspired cryptography: past, present and future,” in The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC’03.,
2003, vol. 3, pp. 1647–1654.
4. L. Nan, S. Yanhong, and Z. Jiancheng, “An audio scrambling method based on Fibonacci transformation,” J. North China Univ. Technol,
vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 8–11, 2004.
5. P. Moulin and J. A. O’Sullivan, “Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding,” IEEE Trans. Inf. theory, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 563–
593, 2003.
6. V. Senk, V. D. Delic, and V. S. Milosevic, “A new speech scrambling concept based on Hadamard matrices,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett.,
vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 161–163, 1997.
7. M. Satti and S. Kak, “Multilevel indexed quasigroup encryption for data and speech,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 270–
281, 2009.
8. H. Li, Z. Qin, X. P. Zhang, and L. P. Shao, “An n-dimensional space audio scrambling algorithm based on random matrix,” J. Xi’an
Jiaotong Univ, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 13–17, 2010.
9. L. Huang and Q. Yin, “A chaos synchronization secure communication system based on output control,” 电子与信息学报, vol. 31, no.
10, pp. 2402–2405, 2009.
10. J. Fridrich, “Symmetric ciphers based on two-dimensional chaotic maps,” Int. J. Bifurc. chaos, vol. 8, no. 06, pp. 1259–1284, 1998.
11. M. Farouk, O. Faragallah, O. Elshakankiry, and A. Elmhalaway, “Comparison of audio speech cryptosystem using 2-D chaotic map
algorithms,” Math. Comput. Sci., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 66–81, 2016.
12. M. abd ulkareem Nasser and I. Q. Abduljaleel, “Speech encryption using chaotic map and blowfish algorithms,” J. Basrah Res., vol. 39,
no. 2A, 2013.
13. S. Vishwakarma and S. Qureshi, “Secure Transmission of Video using (2, 2) Visual Cryptography Scheme and Share Encryption using
Logistic Chaos Method,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1502–1514, 2018.
14. H. Oğraş and M. Türk, “A secure chaos-based image cryptosystem with an improved sine key generator,” Am. J. Signal Process., vol. 6,
no. 3, pp. 67–76, 2016.
15. A. Belazi and A. A. Abd El-Latif, “A simple yet efficient S-box method based on chaotic sine map,” Optik (Stuttg)., vol. 130, pp. 1438–
1444, 2017.
16. K. Nagaraj, “Understanding Blowfish Encryption Algorithm.” https://cyberw1ng.medium.com/understanding-blowfish-encryption-
algorithm-2023-24eb8f69f85b.
17. A. A. Abd El-Sadek, A. Talaat, and M. M. Fouad, “Speech encryption applying a modified Blowfish algorithm,” in 2014 International
Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET), 2014, pp. 1–618. S. F. Yousif, “Encryption and decryption of audio signal based on Rsa algorithn,” Int. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. Res., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 57–
64, 2018.
19. R. Aparna and P. I. Chithra, “A review on cryptographic algorithms for speech signal security,” Int. J. Emerg. Trends Technol . Comput.
Sci., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 84–88, 2016.
20. A. Juels and M. Wattenberg, “A fuzzy commitment scheme,” in Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Computer and
communications security, 1999, pp. 28–36.
21. A. Akmajian, A. K. Farmer, L. Bickmore, R. A. Demers, and R. M. Harnish, Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication.
MIT press, 2017.
22. Nechvatal, J., Barker, E., Bassham, L., Burr, W., Dworkin, M., Foti, J. and Roback, E., 2001. Report on the development of the Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES). Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 106(3), p.511.
23. A. A. Abd El-Sadek, A. Talaat, and M. M. Fouad, “Speech encryption applying a modified Blowfish algorithm,” in 2014 International
Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET), 2014, pp. 1–6.
24. L. Huang and Q. Yin, “A chaos synchronization secure communication system based on output control,” Journal of Electronics &
Information Technology, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 2402–2405, 2009.
25. Moulin, P. and O'Sullivan, J.A., 2003. Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding. IEEE Transactions on information
theory, 49(3), pp.563-593.
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