Current - Issue
Review Article
Overprotective Parenting and Emotional Immaturity: Myth or Reality
Aditi Vyas1
Dr. Kuldeep Singh Tomar2
1 2 Department of Psychology, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published Online: May-June 2026
Pages: 98-102
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijrtmr.20260603013References
1. American College Health Association. (2024). National College Health Assessment III: Reference group executive summary, spring 2024.
ACHA.
2. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. Basic Books.
3. Bradley-Geist, J. C., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2014). Helicopter parents: An examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college
students. Education + Training, 56(4), 314–328.
4. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Harvard University Press.
5. Carr, L., Ouk, S., Witt, C., & Waranuch, C. (2021). Helicopter parenting, perfectionism, and well-being in college students. Journal of
Student Affairs Research and Practice, 58(3), 283–295.
6. Clayborne, Z. M., Varin, M., & Colman, I. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Adolescent depression and long-term
psychosocial outcomes. JAACAP, 58(1), 72–79.
7. Cui, L., Morris, A. S., Criss, M. M., & Houltberg, B. M. (2019). Parental anxiety involvement and adolescent adjustment. Journal of
Youth and Adolescence, 48(1), 58–69.
8. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
9. Doepke, M., & Zilibotti, F. (2019). Love, money, and parenting. Princeton University Press.
10. Drake, K. L., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2012). Family factors in the development, treatment, and prevention of childhood anxiety disorders.
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(2), 144–162.
11. Esbjørn, B. H., Bender, P. K., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., Munck, L. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2012). The development of anxiety disorders.
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(2), 129–143.
12. Gerull, F. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2002). Mother knows best: Effects of maternal modelling on fear acquisition in toddlers. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 40(3), 279–287.
13. Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108.
14. Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd
ed., pp. 3–20). Guilford Press.
15. Hong, E., & Cui, L. (2020). Parental overcontrol and adolescent emotional dysregulation. Journal of Adolescence, 81, 1–9.
16. Ishizuka, P. (2019). Social class, gender, and contemporary parenting standards in the United States. Social Forces, 98(1), 31–58.
17. Jung, S. H., Park, I. J., & Kim, I. S. (2019). The long-term effects of helicopter parenting on Korean young adults. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 28(9), 2439–2451.
18. Kiel, E. J., & Buss, K. A. (2010). Maternal anxiety sensitivity and overprotective parenting. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(5),
573–578.
19. LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399–
418.
20. Lythcott-Haims, J. (2015). How to raise an adult. Henry Holt and Company.
21. McCoy, S. S., & Thompson, L. M. (2024). Parenting in overdrive: A meta-analysis of helicopter parenting. Journal of Adult Development,
32, 222–245.
22. Möller, E. L., Nikolić, M., Majdandžić, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Parental anxiety, parenting behavior, and infant anxiety. Journal of
Anxiety Disorders, 45, 40–49.
23. National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Major depression among adolescents. NIMH Statistical Reports.
24. Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down?: Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct. Journal of
Adolescence, 35(5), 1177–1190.
25. Roo, M. K., Harreveld, A. P., Schiffrin, H. H., & Zilioli, F. (2022). Internalising and externalising correlates of parental overprotection.
Social Development, 31(1), 81–99.
26. Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., et al. (2014). Helping or hovering? Effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-
being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 548–557.
27. Singh, Y., & Bhargava, M. (1990). Emotional Maturity Scale. National Psychological Corporation.
28. Spokas, M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Overprotective parenting, social anxiety, and external locus of control. Cognitive Behaviour
Therapy, 38(3), 297–313.
29. Van Petegem, S., Maes, M., & Soenens, B. (2022). Parental control and adolescent adjustment. Social Development, 31(1), 81–99.
30. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Harvard University Press.
31. Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2006). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford Press.
ACHA.
2. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. Basic Books.
3. Bradley-Geist, J. C., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2014). Helicopter parents: An examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college
students. Education + Training, 56(4), 314–328.
4. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Harvard University Press.
5. Carr, L., Ouk, S., Witt, C., & Waranuch, C. (2021). Helicopter parenting, perfectionism, and well-being in college students. Journal of
Student Affairs Research and Practice, 58(3), 283–295.
6. Clayborne, Z. M., Varin, M., & Colman, I. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Adolescent depression and long-term
psychosocial outcomes. JAACAP, 58(1), 72–79.
7. Cui, L., Morris, A. S., Criss, M. M., & Houltberg, B. M. (2019). Parental anxiety involvement and adolescent adjustment. Journal of
Youth and Adolescence, 48(1), 58–69.
8. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
9. Doepke, M., & Zilibotti, F. (2019). Love, money, and parenting. Princeton University Press.
10. Drake, K. L., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2012). Family factors in the development, treatment, and prevention of childhood anxiety disorders.
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(2), 144–162.
11. Esbjørn, B. H., Bender, P. K., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., Munck, L. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2012). The development of anxiety disorders.
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(2), 129–143.
12. Gerull, F. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2002). Mother knows best: Effects of maternal modelling on fear acquisition in toddlers. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 40(3), 279–287.
13. Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108.
14. Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation: Conceptual and empirical foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd
ed., pp. 3–20). Guilford Press.
15. Hong, E., & Cui, L. (2020). Parental overcontrol and adolescent emotional dysregulation. Journal of Adolescence, 81, 1–9.
16. Ishizuka, P. (2019). Social class, gender, and contemporary parenting standards in the United States. Social Forces, 98(1), 31–58.
17. Jung, S. H., Park, I. J., & Kim, I. S. (2019). The long-term effects of helicopter parenting on Korean young adults. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 28(9), 2439–2451.
18. Kiel, E. J., & Buss, K. A. (2010). Maternal anxiety sensitivity and overprotective parenting. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(5),
573–578.
19. LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399–
418.
20. Lythcott-Haims, J. (2015). How to raise an adult. Henry Holt and Company.
21. McCoy, S. S., & Thompson, L. M. (2024). Parenting in overdrive: A meta-analysis of helicopter parenting. Journal of Adult Development,
32, 222–245.
22. Möller, E. L., Nikolić, M., Majdandžić, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Parental anxiety, parenting behavior, and infant anxiety. Journal of
Anxiety Disorders, 45, 40–49.
23. National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Major depression among adolescents. NIMH Statistical Reports.
24. Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down?: Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct. Journal of
Adolescence, 35(5), 1177–1190.
25. Roo, M. K., Harreveld, A. P., Schiffrin, H. H., & Zilioli, F. (2022). Internalising and externalising correlates of parental overprotection.
Social Development, 31(1), 81–99.
26. Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., et al. (2014). Helping or hovering? Effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-
being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 548–557.
27. Singh, Y., & Bhargava, M. (1990). Emotional Maturity Scale. National Psychological Corporation.
28. Spokas, M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Overprotective parenting, social anxiety, and external locus of control. Cognitive Behaviour
Therapy, 38(3), 297–313.
29. Van Petegem, S., Maes, M., & Soenens, B. (2022). Parental control and adolescent adjustment. Social Development, 31(1), 81–99.
30. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Harvard University Press.
31. Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2006). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford Press.
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